Blindness (Movie Tie-In)

Blindness (Movie Tie-In)
by Jose Saramago

Blindness (Movie Tie-In)
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Book Summary Information

Author: Jose Saramago
Edition: Paperback
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 2008-09-02
ISBN: 0156035588
Number of pages: 352
Publisher: Mariner Books

Book Reviews of Blindness (Movie Tie-In)

Book Review: Abstract Notions
Summary: 3 Stars

Jose Saramago's "Blindness" made me dig out my "Handbook to Literature," something I haven't done since grad school. It wasn't that I had forgotten the definition of an allegory, so much as I had begun to doubt that "Blindness" qualified as such. For, according to William Harmon & C. Hugh Holman, an allegory is "a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. Thus, it represents one thing in the guise of another--an abstraction in the form of a concrete image" (12). My main problem with "Blindness" is this: what is the "abstraction" that the blindness ("the concrete image") is supposed to represent?

Is the "white sickness" an extended metaphor for the catastrophe that results from relying on the transportation, communication and social services provided by governments? Is it a metaphor for the violent, animal nature that lurks inside of us, waiting to spring forth at the first "survival of the fittest" moment? Does the blindness signify our modern disorientation and terror at the thought of a godless universe, or, even worse, a belief that "God does not deserve to see" us? (318). Is blindness our fear of death, our fear of losing our identities--"Don't lose yourself, don't let yourself be lost"(294)--or is it merely our fear that life is a dream and we are not really experiencing ("seeing") reality?

Perhaps the latter possibility makes most sense, as the final words of the story seem to support it: "I don't think we did go blind, I think we are blind, Blind but seeing, Blind people who can see but do not see." Is this an allegory about the limits of human understanding, perhaps?

My trouble with this story is that we have no way of knowing what abstract notion blindness is meant to represent. Some may argue that the fact that there are so many possible interpretations is one of the strengths of this novel, but I am not convinced that it is. As Harmon & Holman explain, "Allegory attempts to evoke a dual interest, one in the events, characters, and the setting presented, and the other in the ideas they are intended to convey ...the test is that these materials be so employed that they represent meanings independent of the action in the surface of the story" (12). As far as I'm concerned, "Blindness" fails this test in that I'm not at all sure what "meanings" the "white sickness" is supposed to evoke.

I have two other bones to pick with this novel: first of all, I cannot overlook that fact that using blindness as a metaphor is, well, politically incorrect at best. As I read the story I could not help but think, "What would a real blind person today feel as he/she read this novel?" If blindness really is a metaphor for the limits of human understanding, isn't Saramago implying that the inability to see leads to the inability to comprehend and analyze one's world, as though a blind person is limited intellectually? Am I the only one who is uncomfortable with such an implication?

Secondly, the omniscient narrator is, in my opinion, intrusive to the point of being obnoxious, condescending and offensive. There is, of course, such a thing as an "intrusive narrator," which is when a god-like narrator comments on and judges the actions, words and thoughts of characters, sometimes even waxing philosophical about life in general. Normally, I happen to enjoy such narrators, but in this case I felt like the narrator often interpreted events and characters in a way that insults the intelligence of his audience. Often the narrator addresses readers directly, claiming we may feel a certain way or think a certain thing, when nothing could be further from what I'm actually thinking and feeling. The result of which is that the narrator distracts from, instead of enhances, the story. He may well be the most annoying omniscient narrator I've encountered to date.

This is not to say that I completely failed to enjoy the novel. When the egotistical narrator isn't spouting off some nonsense about what people typically do or think, I was struck by the vivid, harrowing descriptions of a world plunged into chaos, a world without borders. There are a few truly lovely scenes, too, like the one where three women wash themselves and their clothes on a balcony above a darkened city: "they too are crying, they embrace the woman of the whole sentence, three graces beneath the falling rain" (282). But, on the whole, I feel this novel does not live up to its potential, and I don't think it is anywhere near as good as Saramago's earlier work.

Summary of Blindness (Movie Tie-In)

From Nobel Prize?winning author José Saramago, a magnificent, mesmerizing parable of loss

 

A city is hit by an epidemic of "white blindness" that spares no one. Authorities confine the blind to an empty mental hospital, but there the criminal element holds everyone captive, stealing food rations and assaulting women. There is one eyewitness to this nightmare who guides her charges?among them a boy with no mother, a girl with dark glasses, a dog of tears?through the barren streets, and their procession becomes as uncanny as the surroundings are harrowing. As Blindness reclaims the age-old story of a plague, it evokes the vivid and trembling horrors of the twentieth century, leaving readers with a powerful vision of the human spirit that's bound both by weakness and exhilarating strength.


In an unnamed city in an unnamed country, a man sitting in his car waiting for a traffic light to change is suddenly struck blind. But instead of being plunged into darkness, this man sees everything white, as if he "were caught in a mist or had fallen into a milky sea." A Good Samaritan offers to drive him home (and later steals his car); his wife takes him by taxi to a nearby eye clinic where they are ushered past other patients into the doctor's office. Within a day the man's wife, the taxi driver, the doctor and his patients, and the car thief have all succumbed to blindness. As the epidemic spreads, the government panics and begins quarantining victims in an abandoned mental asylum--guarded by soldiers with orders to shoot anyone who tries to escape. So begins Portuguese author José Saramago's gripping story of humanity under siege, written with a dearth of paragraphs, limited punctuation, and embedded dialogue minus either quotation marks or attribution. At first this may seem challenging, but the style actually contributes to the narrative's building tension, and to the reader's involvement.

In this community of blind people there is still one set of functioning eyes: the doctor's wife has affected blindness in order to accompany her husband to the asylum. As the number of victims grows and the asylum becomes overcrowded, systems begin to break down: toilets back up, food deliveries become sporadic; there is no medical treatment for the sick and no proper way to bury the dead. Inevitably, social conventions begin to crumble as well, with one group of blind inmates taking control of the dwindling food supply and using it to exploit the others. Through it all, the doctor's wife does her best to protect her little band of blind charges, eventually leading them out of the hospital and back into the horribly changed landscape of the city.

Blindness is in many ways a horrific novel, detailing as it does the total breakdown in society that follows upon this most unnatural disaster. Saramago takes his characters to the very edge of humanity and then pushes them over the precipice. His people learn to live in inexpressible filth, they commit acts of both unspeakable violence and amazing generosity that would have been unimaginable to them before the tragedy. The very structure of society itself alters to suit the circumstances as once-civilized, urban dwellers become ragged nomads traveling by touch from building to building in search of food. The devil is in the details, and Saramago has imagined for us in all its devastation a hell where those who went blind in the streets can never find their homes again, where people are reduced to eating chickens raw and packs of dogs roam the excrement-covered sidewalks scavenging from corpses.

And yet in the midst of all this horror Saramago has written passages of unsurpassed beauty. Upon being told she is beautiful by three of her charges, women who have never seen her, "the doctor's wife is reduced to tears because of a personal pronoun, an adverb, a verb, an adjective, mere grammatical categories, mere labels, just like the two women, the others, indefinite pronouns, they too are crying, they embrace the woman of the whole sentence, three graces beneath the falling rain." In this one woman Saramago has created an enduring, fully developed character who serves both as the eyes and ears of the reader and as the conscience of the race. And in Blindness he has written a profound, ultimately transcendent meditation on what it means to be human. --Alix Wilber

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