Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human

Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human
by Richard Wrangham

Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human
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Book Summary Information

Author: Richard Wrangham
Edition: Hardcover
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 2009-05-26
ISBN: 0465013627
Number of pages: 320
Publisher: Basic Books

Book Reviews of Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human

Book Review: Perspective from the Author of a Raw Food Book
Summary: 4 Stars

While researching the history of man's diet, I found that numerous anthropologists felt cooking had some advantages that enhanced man's evolution. I got a copy of a cooking manifesto, Catching Fire, How Cooking Made Us Human by Richard Wrangham, professor of Biological Anthropology at Harvard University. (As a side note, my husband thought this was just another of my books that promote the raw food diet--to him, being human is not a plus; we should instead identify with our divine nature!)

In the first chapter, Richard discusses studies showing how raw fooders do not get enough calories, claiming that this could not have sustained our ancestors and therefore, a raw food diet was not what we evolved on. Cooking, he explains, increases the number of calories we absorb.

But, I argue, these raw fooders are on mainly vegan diets, which tend to be lower in calories. What about the nuts, seeds, olives and avocados, which made some of us raw fooders (like me!) actually struggle with our weight at times? These, he insists, were only seasonally available before modern times.

OK, got it. But that only proves we were not raw vegans. What about all the raw meat and eggs our ancestors ate? Richard goes on to argue that cooking meat and eggs has been shown in tests to enhance digestibility and absorption of calories. The argument that raw foodists use against cooking meat--that cooking denatures protein--is something that he views as an advantage. Denaturing it makes it easier to digest. Ironically, he cites the exact same study cited by raw meat promoters in which Dr. William Beaumont observes the digestion of a man (St. Martin) with a hole in his stomach. Richard says this study shows that cooked meat digests faster than raw meat! Promoters of raw meat claimed the opposite--that raw meat digested faster. So I decided to purchase the book myself to see what the truth of the matter is. (It is free on google books, but I can't read an entire book without being curled up in my rocking chair, and marking things up is my style of study!)

Richard argues that the advantage of obtaining more calories from cooked starches ensured humans got enough energy for survival. This may be true, but given our obesity epidemic, eating cooked starches is hardly an advantage in modern times. Furthermore, cooked grains and legumes, according to experts on the Paleo diet, were also not common in our diet until agriculture began about 10,000 years ago. These foods contain anti-nutrients (phytates and lectins) which create leaky gut syndrome leading to the diseases of civilization (arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, ALS, and much more).

Richard points out that "from an evolutionary perspective, if cooking causes a loss of vitamins or creates a few long-term toxic compounds, the effect is relatively unimportant compared to the impact of more calories." But evolution is not concerned about the longevity of the individual, only the survival of the species. For example, getting enough calories to remain fertile is great for the survival of the species. But studies abound showing that a calorie restricted diet enables the individual to live longer. So if cooking otherwise toxic tubors, grains and legumes helped us overpopulate the world, cooking did its job to ensure the survival of homo spapiens. But for the individual, eating raw is conducive to superior health and longevity, as proven by all the studies in my book The Live Food Factor.

Richard argues that the studies which show cooking produces toxins need not alarm us, because these toxins will affect only animals, since humans have adapted to them. About half the studies in my book are on humans, though. They show that eating raw and giving the body a break from these toxins helps it to detox. Clearly, as Richard points out, we have been cooking for tens of thousands of years--enough time to adapt to these toxins. But the problem is that the molecules are so chaotic and unpredictable, scientists believe we will never be able to adapt. Also, blood tests on people who eat cooked food show leukocytosis--an increase in white blood cells (which indicate some toxins they are fighting). Such tests on people after they eat raw food do not demonstrate this increase in white blood cells!

Richard gives the old argument that it doesn't matter if we eat food with enzymes or not, because the stomach digests the enzymes. However, an alternative theory is that in the first 30 to 60 minutes, these food enzymes in help to digest the food in the upper cardiac stomach. I always tell people, if you don't believe it, just eat everything raw for a few days and see how much more energy you have. (So far everyone I know can see a huge difference.) When we eat raw, we spare our pancreases of much labor in cranking out digestive enzymes to compensate for enzymes lost in the heat of cooking.

Richard argues that the human brain became larger not just from eating meat, but also from cooking. I wonder then, how does he explain the 11% shrinkage of the human brain in the last 10,000 years (coinciding with the onset of agriculture, when we began to cook much more)?

This book did make me realize that cooking began much earlier than I had thought. He cites evidence of cooking having occurred 2 million years ago, and credits the reduction of our gut, teeth and mouth size to eating cooked foods.

To the author's credit, I no longer feel so bad about steaming my turkey. (At least I am not getting all the toxic load that comes with barbecuing or grilling it.) However, for me, it is clear that raw is law.



Summary of Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human

Ever since Darwin and The Descent of Man, the existence of humans has been attributed to our intelligence and adaptability. But in Catching Fire, renowned primatologist Richard Wrangham presents a startling alternative: our evolutionary success is the result of cooking. In a groundbreaking theory of our origins, Wrangham shows that the shift from raw to cooked foods was the key factor in human evolution. When our ancestors adapted to using fire, humanity began. Once our hominid ancestors began cooking their food, the human digestive tract shrank and the brain grew. Time once spent chewing tough raw food could be sued instead to hunt and to tend camp. Cooking became the basis for pair bonding and marriage, created the household, and even led to a sexual division of labor. Tracing the contemporary implications of our ancestors? diets, Catching Fire sheds new light on how we came to be the social, intelligent, and sexual species we are today. A pathbreaking new theory of human evolution, Catching Fire will provoke controversy and fascinate anyone interested in our ancient origins?or in our modern eating habits.

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