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Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia by Ahmed Rashid
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Ahmed Rashid Edition: Paperback Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2002-12-31 ISBN: 0142002607 Number of pages: 320 Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Book Reviews of Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central AsiaBook Review: Rashid is the expert Summary: 5 Stars
I bought a copy of Ahmed Rashid's book Taliban on a whim, because it was on sale at a cheap price. The cover has a cheesy photo of a guy who looks like an American actor dressed up in Afghan attire to portray a Taliban type. I was so impressed with it, though, that not only did I give it a positive review, I went out and bought this second book of Rashid's, on the central Asian countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. The title of this book is somewhat sensational, but the point of the book is to trace the course of history, politically and socially, in the five former Soviet Republics, during the first decade or so of their existence.
The events that he records are frankly fascinating. Four of the five countries are run by dictators who were inherited by the nations involved from the old Soviet Union, which they served as Communist Party Chairs, or Presidents. Only Tajikistan has a coalition government with Islamist militants serving alongside secularists. The four dictatorships run personality cults to a lesser or greater extent, with Turkmenistan having one of the most elaborate of these in the world. The leader styles himself "Turkmenbashi" which means "Father of all Turkmen". Kazhakstan's president is apparently setting up his daughter (!) to succeed him in power. Uzbekistan's ruler isn't able to make his mind up about anything. Kyrgyzstan's ruler and his government are so weak they can't even prevent incursions from terrorists on their way to neighboring countries, and the Chinese claim about 30% of their country.
The international political situation of the countries involved is seemingly unsolvable, and invites pity, to be frank. While a couple of them have extensive oil and gas reserves (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) and some others have other mineral resources, transportation routes are limited by the fact that the countries are landlocked, and the surrounding countries are at best neutral to their economic well-being, if not overtly hostile. The Russians, for instance, have exerted extensive pressure to keep all five nations from building pipelines to any of the other surrounding countries, so that they must rely on the old Soviet lines. These, of course, lead to Russia, and since that's the only outlet for the gas and oil, the Russians then insist on paying low prices for what they receive, when they pay at all. China, Iran, Afghanistan, and a route across the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan and eventually Turkey, all have grave difficulties that could stand in the way of the countries involved getting their petroleum products out onto the open market.
This is a coherent, interesting, involving book that discusses every facet of the five nations. While it isn't exhaustive, it's probably the most accessible description of them available in English. Everything from politics to religion to trade is discussed in the book, and several subjects are covered rather thoroughly. The author is very interested in the one real terrorist group in the region, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. He devotes a whole chapter to this organization (whose leader was killed by an American bomb in Afghanistan in 2002) and their goals and methods. He also discusses the Islamic group Hizb al-Tahrir, which is ostensibly peaceful (at least for now) but seeks to exert sharia over the whole of the region, insisting that doing so will bring peace, prosperity, and stability to the region with no down side.
I enjoyed this book a great deal. I think I learned a great deal from it, and I think I'm looking forward to Mr. Rashid's next book.
Summary of Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central AsiaAhmed Rashid, whose masterful account of Afghanistan's Taliban regime became required reading after September 11, turns his legendary skills as an investigative journalist to five adjacent Central Asian Republics?Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan?where religious repression, political corruption, and extreme poverty have created a fertile climate for militant Islam. Based on groundbreaking research and numerous interviews, Rashid explains the roots of fundamentalist rage in Central Asia, describes the goals and activities of its militant organizations, including Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda, and suggests ways of neutralizing the threat and bringing stability to the troubled region. A timely and pertinent work, Jihad is essential reading for anyone who seeks to gain a better understanding of a region we overlook at our peril. In the aftermath of September 11, as Americans tried to figure out what they were up against, many of them turned to Ahmed Rashid's masterful book Taliban, the single best account of Afghanistan's murderous regime. With Jihad, Rashid offers an indispensable companion volume on five of Afghanistan's neighbors--Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan--and "the New Great Game" about to be waged over them between China, Russia, and the United States. "The vast, empty landscape dotted with oases of vibrant populations and political ferment, sitting on the world's last great untapped natural energy reserves, is almost as unknown to Westerners as it was to Europeans in the Middle Ages," writes Rashid, a Pakistani journalist with extensive experience reporting from the region. He describes the area's "growing instability," which he credits to a strain of militant Islam just like the form propagated by the Taliban and Osama bin Laden. One of the most interesting parts of Jihad concerns Juma Namangani, a shadowy rebel leader in Uzbekistan who has "cultivated an air of mystery that [is] even more extreme than that of the secretive [Taliban leader] Mullah Omar." Rashid concludes that radical Islam will remain popular in Central Asia as long as the governments there are oppressive. We ignore this part of the world at our peril, and there is no better guide to it than Rashid. --John Miller
Asia Books
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