The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War

The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War
by David Halberstam

The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War
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Book Summary Information

Author: David Halberstam
Edition: Hardcover
Audio: English (Published)
Format: Bargain Price
Published: 2007-09-25
ISBN: N/A
Number of pages: 736
Publisher: Hyperion

Book Reviews of The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War

Book Review: The Forgotten, Miscalculated War
Summary: 5 Stars

David Halberstam provides tons of descriptive details, transcripts, sources and viewpoints about this harsh conflict and nations and individuals involved. Knowing little about this historical conflict, I'm unable to identify information or details that are disputed, considered omitted,nor recognize these differing or conflicting accounts. As usual, there are conflicting historical viewpoints presented in historical books, such as "The Coldest Winter."

There are already so many reviews focus on solely Korea, that below in this review is more mention of China, the American Mainstream Media, Post-WWII US foreign policy in East Asia, and General MacArthur. All of are relevant to the Korean conflict and Halberstam spends a lot of appropriate time and detail describing these topics.

I agree with the common opinion that this was and still is, the Forgotten War. "The Coldest Winter" highlights the fact that this brutal conflict is seldom referred to, today.

Several aspects about American involvement in the Korean war are elucidated throughout this book, from beginning to end: not to focus exclusively on the negative aspects but there was a lot of American arrogance, ignorance, and numerous miscalculations by many influential military and political leaders who were involved in Korea and China. Certain aspects in "Coldest Winter" will remind some readers of US involvement in South East Asia in the 60s, Latin America in the 1950s to 1980s, and in the Middle East since the 1930s up to now.

Halberstam takes the reader to Korea with vivid descriptions of the brutal,
terrain, lethal freezing temperatures, and rugged battle conditions. A great contribution by "Coldest Winter" are the lengthy and detailed portions that discuss the Chinese civil war, US involvement in it, and general US foreign policy in East Asia during this time.


RELEVANT TO THE KOREAN CAMPAIGN:

TRUMAN VS. DEWEY CAMPAIGN OF 1948: Truman's 1948 campaign and the State Department's approaches and actions in this conflict.

This book spent a well-deserved amount of time on the 1948 Presidential campaign. During the 1948 Campaign the political "experts" and the media gurus did what they still do today: misinterpret campaigns, make incorrect predictions, and think they know more than they actually know.


AMERICAN ADVENTURISM IN CHINA - THE FIRST FOREIGN POLICY DEBACLE AFTER WWII:

Halberstam aptly included lots of information and background on the Chinese civil war and US support for Chaing Kai-Shek, and the influence of the (American) China Lobby inside the USA. Described, is the Lobby's arrogance and ignorance about Chinese history, culture, and thinking, while it simultaneously and incorrectly denounced Truman for "Losing China." This divisiveness reminds one of the partisan media spin so often promoted from Washington, the mainstream media, and political talk-TV and talk-radio today.

And like today, the military works in coordination with the mainstream media to promote Military-Industrial Complex and State Department propaganda. General MacArthur interviewed with "Life" magazine in 1948. The headline on the cover of "Life" magazine was, "MacArthur says fall of China Imperils US" (p. 215). Hungry, impoverished, largely illiterate peasant china, imperiling the US? In 1948? Imperiling a world super-power that has the atomic bomb, natural resources, and more technology? Laughable. Yet very influential on manipulating the US public. Like then, as now.

To reinforce this point, "The Coldest Winter" delved into another issue rarely discussed regarding the Korean conflict and China: the US government's misinformation provided to the American public in the US to garner public support of Chaing Kai-Check. In reading the details of Chaing, his tactics, army, and character, I found it similar to involvement in Vietnam (1965-1973), Iran (1953) Guatemala (1954) Chile (1973) and Iraq (Chalabi), and al-Hakim, (2003-2009).

US support of Chaing was a debacle. Billions of dollars of taxpayer money disappeared. The US funded supply lines that were stolen by the Communists, and Chaing and his officers stole from the US constantly. Often in the annals of post-WWII American foreign policy and interference, the US has bet on the wrong horse.

While Korea is the forgotten war, I call this era, the forgotten debacle of
post-World War II American foreign policy.


MAINSTREAM MEDIA: CREATING MYTHS THAT INFLUENCED AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION:

It's universally agreed upon today by objective historians that MacArthur was a disturbed individual, an ineffectual desk General, and an overrated egotistical self-promoter. One of the many myths disseminated to the American public in the 1940s and 50s via the mainstream media (MSM) was that MacArthur was a brilliant, competent man, that was highly respected by those with whom he worked, and knew. Nothing could be farther from the truth. He had then and still has, an atrocious record and reputation.

In accordance with other historians, Halberstam repeatedly notes MacArthur on the surface being an icon with enormous aura and influence. Yet he was out of touch with his peers, subordinates, and people of the United States. Living and working in Tokyo with his inner circle of sycophants, focusing on rebuilding and molding Japan in his own image. He knew and cared little about Korea.

General MacArthur made many military and intelligence miscalculations.
MacArthur openly claimed to "understand the Oriental" mind, even after many
mistakes made with the Japanese previously.

Referring to n the Korean conflict, one American soldier there stated, "in
WWII everything was done right, and in Korea everything seemed to be done
wrong." Soldiers sent to Korea lacked proper Winter clothing, lacked
ammunition, and had old, outdated guns and weapons. Supplies often came late, and sometimes never at all. In Korea and throughout history, the soldiers pay the price for the blunders from the top. The rugged mountainous Korean terrain, and harsh Winters were major factors that gave the initial advantage to the North Koreans. Cornered in Busan, the Inchon landing is quite a historical feat, and perhaps the one and only move by MacArthur that paid dividends.

"The Coldest Winter is lengthy and has lot of info and helpful strategic maps. This is a good book, and unfortunately, was David Halberstam's last.

Summary of The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War

David Halberstam's magisterial and thrilling The Best and the Brightest was the defining book for the Vietnam War. More than three decades later, Halberstam used his unrivalled research and formidable journalistic skills to shed light on another dark corner in our history: the Korean War. The Coldest Winter is a successor to The Best and the Brightest, even though in historical terms it precedes it.Halberstam considered The Coldest Winter the best book he ever wrote, the culmination of forty-five years of writing about America's postwar foreign policy.Up until now, the Korean War has been the black hole of modern American history.The Coldest Winter changes that. Halberstam gives us a masterful narrative of the political decisions and miscalculations on both sides. He charts the disastrous path that led to the massive entry of Chinese forces near the Yalu, and that caught Douglas MacArthur and his soldiers by surprise. He provides astonishingly vivid and nuanced portraits of all the major figures -- Eisenhower, Truman, Acheson, Kim, and Mao, and Generals MacArthur, Almond, and Ridgway. At the same time, Halberstam provides us with his trademark highly evocative narrative journalism, chronicling the crucial battles with reportage of the highest order.At the heart of the book are the individual stories of the soldiers on the front lines who were left to deal with the consequences of the dangerous misjudgments and competing agendas of powerful men. We meet them, follow them, and see some of the most dreadful battles in history through their eyes. As ever, Halberstam was concerned with the extraordinary courage and resolve of people asked to bear an extraordinary burden.The Coldest Winter is contemporary history in its most literary and luminescent form, and provides crucial perspective on the Vietnam War and the events of today. It was a book that Halberstam first decided to write more than thirty years ago and that took him nearly ten years to write. It stands as a lasting testament to one of the greatest journalists and historians of our time, and to the fighting men whose heroism it chronicles.Includes an Afterword by Russell BakerTributes to David HalberstamDavid Halberstam died at the age of 73 in a car accident in California on April 23, 2007, just after completing The Coldest Winter. Legendary for his work ethic, his kindness to young writers, and his unbending moral spine, Halberstam had friends and admirers throughout journalism, many of whom spoke at his memorial service and at readings across the country for the release of The Coldest Winter. We have included testimonials given at his memorial service by two writers who made their reputations at the same newspaper where he won a Pulitzer Prize for his Vietnam War reporting, The New York Times: Anna Quindlen ...David occupied a lot of space on the planet. Perhaps he felt the price he must pay for that big voice, that big reach, that big reputation, was that his generosity had to be just as large. Most of us, when we take to the road and meet admiring strangers, vow afterward to answer the note pressed into our hands or to pass along the speech we promised to the person whose daughter couldn't be there to hear it. But with the best will in the world we arrive home to deadlines, bills, kids, friends, all the demands of a busy life. We mean to be our best selves, but often we forget. David did it. He always did it. The note, the call, the book, the advice. When I mentioned this once he dug his hands deep intothe pockets of his grey flannels, set his mouth at the corners, looked down and rumbled, "Well, but it's so easy." That's nonsense. It's not easy. But it is important, and why he has been remembered with enormous affection by ordinary readers all over this country, and why each of us who live some sort of public life would do well, with all due respect to Jesus, to ask ourselves about those small encounters: what would David do? ... Read her full tributeDexter Filkins .
David Halberstam's magisterial and thrilling The Best and the Brightest was the defining book for the Vietnam War. More than three decades later, Halberstam used his unrivalled research and formidable journalistic skills to shed light on another dark corner in our history: the Korean War. The Coldest Winter is a successor to The Best and the Brightest, even though in historical terms it precedes it. Halberstam considered The Coldest Winter the best book he ever wrote, the culmination of forty-five years of writing about America's postwar foreign policy.

Up until now, the Korean War has been the black hole of modern American history. The Coldest Winter changes that. Halberstam gives us a masterful narrative of the political decisions and miscalculations on both sides. He charts the disastrous path that led to the massive entry of Chinese forces near the Yalu, and that caught Douglas MacArthur and his soldiers by surprise. He provides astonishingly vivid and nuanced portraits of all the major figures -- Eisenhower, Truman, Acheson, Kim, and Mao, and Generals MacArthur, Almond, and Ridgway. At the same time, Halberstam provides us with his trademark highly evocative narrative journalism, chronicling the crucial battles with reportage of the highest order.

At the heart of the book are the individual stories of the soldiers on the front lines who were left to deal with the consequences of the dangerous misjudgments and competing agendas of powerful men. We meet them, follow them, and see some of the most dreadful battles in history through their eyes. As ever, Halberstam was concerned with the extraordinary courage and resolve of people asked to bear an extraordinary burden.

The Coldest Winter is contemporary history in its most literary and luminescent form, and provides crucial perspective on the Vietnam War and the events of today. It was a book that Halberstam first decided to write more than thirty years ago and that took him nearly ten years to write. It stands as a lasting testament to one of the greatest journalists and historians of our time, and to the fighting men whose heroism it chronicles.

Includes an Afterword by Russell Baker

Tributes to David Halberstam

David Halberstam died at the age of 73 in a car accident in California on April 23, 2007, just after completing The Coldest Winter. Legendary for his work ethic, his kindness to young writers, and his unbending moral spine, Halberstam had friends and admirers throughout journalism, many of whom spoke at his memorial service and at readings across the country for the release of The Coldest Winter. We have included testimonials given at his memorial service by two writers who made their reputations at the same newspaper where he won a Pulitzer Prize for his Vietnam War reporting, The New York Times:

Anna Quindlen

...David occupied a lot of space on the planet. Perhaps he felt the price he must pay for that big voice, that big reach, that big reputation, was that his generosity had to be just as large. Most of us, when we take to the road and meet admiring strangers, vow afterward to answer the note pressed into our hands or to pass along the speech we promised to the person whose daughter couldn't be there to hear it. But with the best will in the world we arrive home to deadlines, bills, kids, friends, all the demands of a busy life. We mean to be our best selves, but often we forget.

David did it. He always did it. The note, the call, the book, the advice. When I mentioned this once he dug his hands deep into the pockets of his grey flannels, set his mouth at the corners, looked down and rumbled, "Well, but it's so easy." That's nonsense. It's not easy. But it is important, and why he has been remembered with enormous affection by ordinary readers all over this country, and why each of us who live some sort of public life would do well, with all due respect to Jesus, to ask ourselves about those small encounters: what would David do? ... Read her full tribute

Dexter Filkins

...If I could use a sports metaphor--and I think David would have appreciated that--David was the pulling guard, as in a football game. The pulling guard who sweeps wide and clears the hole for the running back who runs through behind him. We reporters in Iraq were the running backs. David went first--a long time ago--and cleared the way.

In Iraq, when the official version didn't match what we were seeing on the streets of Baghdad, all we had to do--and we did it a lot--was ask ourselves: what would Halberstam have done? And then the way was clear.... Read his full tribute

A Timeline of the Korean War
How It Began
January 1950 Secretary of State Dean Acheson leaves Korea out of America's Far East Defense Perimeter.
June 25, 1950 The North Korean Army crosses the 38th parallel with a force of about 135,000 troops. The Republic of Korea is taken completely by surprise by the invasion and their forces are soon in full retreat.
July 7, 1950 General Douglas MacArthur is officially put in command of the forces set to defend the Republic of Korea.
August 1950 Relentlessly focused attacks by the North Koreans drive the ill-prepared defense forces into the country's southeast corner. The Pusan Perimeter is established as the last best hope of maintaining a toehold on the peninsula.
August-Sept. 1950 The North Koreans launch assault after assault against the Pusan Perimeter, with particularly brutal fighting taking place along the Naktong River. U.S. soldiers are in constant danger of being overrun.
September 15, 1950 MacArthur delivers his masterstroke with the amphibious landings at Inchon. The invasion blindsides the North Korean defenders and relieves pressure on the Pusan Perimeter. UN forces are able to drive north from Pusan and east from Inchon. By the end of September the North Korean forces are routed on all fronts, Seoul has been recaptured, and MacArthur receives permission to cross the 38th parallel.
The Debacle
November 1950 U.S. soldiers march deep into North Korean territory, eventually reaching the Yalu River border with China. But the first warning of a conflict with the Chinese takes place at Unsan, where the Eighth Cavalry is mauled by a surprise engagement. By the end of November Chinese Communist forces mount a major offensive at Kunuri and the Chosin Reservoir.
December 1950 Overwhelmed by hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers, UN forces are battered to positions below the 38th parallel. General Walker is killed in an accident, and General Ridgway takes over his command. General MacArthur lobbies relentlessly for attacks into China, an action that would draw China, and likely the USSR, into a full-scale war. Tensions between Truman and MacArthur escalate.
January-February 1951 The Chinese reach the high-water mark of their assault. General Ridgway aggressively combats the Chinese in the fight for the central corridor, with major battles fought at Wonju, Twin Tunnels, and Chipyongni.
April 11, 1951 Truman relieves General MacArthur of his duties. Raucous public outcry in support of the celebrated general further erodes Truman's popularity.
The End
July 27, 1953 After years of bloody stalemate, a cease-fire is signed between North Korea and the UN. The border established is very close to the original line at the 38th parallel. It is estimated that the war cost 33,000 American, 415,000 South Korean, and up to 1.5 million Chinese and North Korean lives. In the arena of U.S. foreign policy, the lessons of Korea still largely remain unlearned.
The drive to Seoul, September 16-28, 1950

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