The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy)

The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy)
by Rick Atkinson

The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy)
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Book Summary Information

Author: Rick Atkinson
Edition: Paperback
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 2008-09-16
ISBN: 080508861X
Number of pages: 848
Publisher: Holt Paperbacks

Book Reviews of The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy)

Book Review: If not Italy, where?
Summary: 5 Stars

"Soldiers walking through a killing field sometimes stomped on the distended bellies of dead Germans to hear the flatulent noises the corpses made. `Slowly I am becoming insensitive to everything,' wrote one soldier in his diary. `God in Heaven, help me to keep me humanity.'" - from THE DAY OF BATTLE

Were I to poll the common American on the street, I suspect that those even cognizant of World War Two at all would confirm what I suspect to be the self-centeredness of the popular mythology surrounding the U.S. role in the war against Nazi Germany, i.e. that it was the United States that pretty much single-handedly won the war against the Third Reich with a little help from our English-speaking cousins in the British Commonwealth forces, and that the apocalyptic battles and combat deaths in the millions that occurred on the Eastern Front are relegated to the Unknown War. Moreover, as far as the Western Theater is concerned, the awareness would center on the American victories in France and Germany following the D-Day invasion. After all, what legends there are have been built around the Normandy landing itself, the subsequent dash by Patton's Third Army across France, the stubborn defense of Bastogne, and perhaps the seizure of the Remagen Bridge across the Rhine. Would John Q. Citizen on the street even know that the U.S. Army fought in North Africa? And Sicily - wasn't that where George. C. Scott slapped a dogface?

Author Rick Atkinson has previously written a superlative account of America's North African campaign, An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942-1943, Volume One of the Liberation Trilogy. In THE DAY OF BATTLE, he now gives us an exceptional narrative summary of the conquest of Sicily and the subsequent slow and brutal slog up Italy's boot to culminate in the capture of Rome, an eleven-month ordeal characterized too often by suspect strategy, unimaginative tactics and leadership at corps levels, dismal weather and near-impossible topography, and friction between top American and British generals that almost reached the level of insubordination:

"`(General Mark Clark, Fifth Army Commander) appears never to have accepted (General Sir Harold) Alexander (Commander, Allied Armies in Italy) as his real commander,' wrote W.G.F. Jackson, an author of the official British history. Later, Clark claimed he had warned Alexander that he would order Fifth Army `to fire on the (British) Eighth Army' should (its commander, General Oliver) Leese attempt to muscle in on (the capture of) Rome. Shocking if true; General Alex disputed the story."

Indeed, the only reasons the Allies seemed to have prevailed at all were their overwhelming superiority in artillery and air coverage and the abundance of war-making materials. Had the Germans had even parity in those parameters, the skill of their leadership and the fighting capabilities of their battle-hardened troops might have achieved at least a stalemate if not driven the bickering invaders back into the Med.

Atkinson's style is not to get bogged down in the mundane mechanics of field maneuver. Rather, he paints the big picture and then illuminates the whole by spotlighting on the battlefield fortunes of selected units and the experiences and personalities of individual fighters and commanders. His narrative is thus richly engaging and informative as he surveys the conflict from Sicily to Salerno to San Pietro to Ortona to the Rapido River to Anzio to Cassino back to Anzio and, finally, to Rome.

THE DAY OF BATTLE includes twenty eminently useful maps, the allied chains of command for both the Sicily invasion and Operation Diadem, the final drive to Rome in May 1944, two extensive sections of photos, 141 pages of Notes, and 31 pages of Selected Sources; Atkinson did his homework.

As the strategic necessity for an invasion of Italy still causes heated debate, the author suggests a practical answer. At the cessation of hostilities in North Africa, where could the victorious Allied forces have otherwise been sent? Not back to England, certain to soon overflow with fresh Yanks arriving for the Normandy assault. Kept idle in North Africa? Certainly not with Josef Stalin clamoring for a second front to relieve pressure on his Red Army. If not Italy then, where? Following a certain inexorable logic, it was a battle that had to be fought.

In the end, it was supremely ironic that the glory associated with the capture of Rome, so ardently desired for the Fifth Army by its temperamental, self-serving, and haughty commander, Mark Clark, proved to be so ephemeral. It dominated newspaper headlines for perhaps a day before being relegated to the back pages by Eisenhower's cross-channel amphibious assault on the French beaches. From then to the end of the European war, the Italian front was but a backwater sideshow. As correspondent Eric Sevareid recalled of the news:

"Most of us sat back, pulled out cigarettes and dropped our half-written stories about Rome on the floor. We had in a trice become performers without an audience ... a troupe of actors who, at the climax of their play, realize that the spectators have all fled out the door."

Summary of The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy)

?A triumph of narrative history, elegantly written, thick with unforgettable description and rooted in the sight and sounds of battle.??The New York Times

In An Army at Dawn?winner of the Pulitzer Prize?Rick Atkinson provided a dramatic and authoritative history of the Allied triumph in North Africa. Now, in The Day of Battle, he follows the strengthening American and British armies as they invade Sicily in July 1943 and then, mile by bloody mile, fight their way north toward Rome.

The Italian campaign?s outcome was never certain; in fact, Roosevelt, Churchill, and their military advisers engaged in heated debate about whether an invasion of the so-called soft underbelly of Europe was even a good idea. But once under way, the commitment to liberate Italy from the Nazis never wavered, despite the agonizingly high price. The battles at Salerno, Anzio, and Monte Cassino were particularly difficult and lethal, yet as the months passed, the Allied forces continued to drive the Germans up the Italian peninsula. Led by Lieutenant General Mark Clark, one of the war?s most complex and controversial commanders, American officers and soldiers became increasingly determined and proficient. And with the liberation of Rome in June 1944, ultimate victory at last began to seem inevitable.

Drawing on a wide array of primary source material, written with great drama and flair, this is narrative history of the first rank. With The Day of Battle, Atkinson has once again given us the definitive account of one of history?s most compelling military campaigns.


Amazon Best of the Month, November 2007: Topping a Pulitzer Prize-winning effort is tough; finding originality in a World War II narrative is even tougher. Yet Rick Atkinson accomplishes both with The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944. His previous work, An Army at Dawn, won the 2003 Pulitzer in history, but Atkinson has managed to set the bar even higher with his second installment in "The Liberation Trilogy." He descends upon each battlefield with rich historical perspective, tactical analysis, and chilling frontline observations. Cocksure Hollywood bravado is sparse, as Atkinson depicts soldiers fighting for honor, not glory. "We did it because we could not bear the shame of being less than the man beside us," explains one soldier's diary. "We fought because he fought; we died because he died." The result is an incredible portrayal of the courage, sorrow, and determination that came to define our greatest generation. --Dave Callanan

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